Optimal. Leaf size=418 \[ -\frac {1}{2 x^2}+\frac {\left (3+i \sqrt {3}\right ) \log \left (2^{2/3} x^2+\sqrt [3]{2 \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )} x+\left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}\right )}{18 \sqrt [3]{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}}+\frac {\left (3-i \sqrt {3}\right ) \log \left (2^{2/3} x^2+\sqrt [3]{2 \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )} x+\left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}\right )}{18 \sqrt [3]{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}}-\frac {\left (3+i \sqrt {3}\right ) \log \left (-\sqrt [3]{2} x+\sqrt [3]{1-i \sqrt {3}}\right )}{9 \sqrt [3]{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}}-\frac {\left (3-i \sqrt {3}\right ) \log \left (-\sqrt [3]{2} x+\sqrt [3]{1+i \sqrt {3}}\right )}{9 \sqrt [3]{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}}+\frac {\left (\sqrt {3}+i\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {1+\frac {2 x}{\sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )}}}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{3 \sqrt [3]{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}}-\frac {\left (-\sqrt {3}+i\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {1+\frac {2 x}{\sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )}}}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{3 \sqrt [3]{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}} \]
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Rubi [A] time = 0.36, antiderivative size = 418, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 15, number of rules used = 9, integrand size = 23, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.391, Rules used = {1504, 12, 1374, 200, 31, 634, 617, 204, 628} \begin {gather*} -\frac {1}{2 x^2}+\frac {\left (3+i \sqrt {3}\right ) \log \left (2^{2/3} x^2+\sqrt [3]{2 \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )} x+\left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}\right )}{18 \sqrt [3]{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}}+\frac {\left (3-i \sqrt {3}\right ) \log \left (2^{2/3} x^2+\sqrt [3]{2 \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )} x+\left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}\right )}{18 \sqrt [3]{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}}-\frac {\left (3+i \sqrt {3}\right ) \log \left (-\sqrt [3]{2} x+\sqrt [3]{1-i \sqrt {3}}\right )}{9 \sqrt [3]{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}}-\frac {\left (3-i \sqrt {3}\right ) \log \left (-\sqrt [3]{2} x+\sqrt [3]{1+i \sqrt {3}}\right )}{9 \sqrt [3]{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}}+\frac {\left (\sqrt {3}+i\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {1+\frac {2 x}{\sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )}}}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{3 \sqrt [3]{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}}-\frac {\left (-\sqrt {3}+i\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {1+\frac {2 x}{\sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )}}}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{3 \sqrt [3]{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Rule 12
Rule 31
Rule 200
Rule 204
Rule 617
Rule 628
Rule 634
Rule 1374
Rule 1504
Rubi steps
\begin {align*} \int \frac {1-x^3}{x^3 \left (1-x^3+x^6\right )} \, dx &=-\frac {1}{2 x^2}-\frac {1}{2} \int \frac {2 x^3}{1-x^3+x^6} \, dx\\ &=-\frac {1}{2 x^2}-\int \frac {x^3}{1-x^3+x^6} \, dx\\ &=-\frac {1}{2 x^2}+\frac {1}{6} \left (-3+i \sqrt {3}\right ) \int \frac {1}{-\frac {1}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}+x^3} \, dx-\frac {1}{6} \left (3+i \sqrt {3}\right ) \int \frac {1}{-\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}+x^3} \, dx\\ &=-\frac {1}{2 x^2}-\frac {\left (3-i \sqrt {3}\right ) \int \frac {1}{-\sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )}+x} \, dx}{9 \sqrt [3]{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}}-\frac {\left (3-i \sqrt {3}\right ) \int \frac {-2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{1+i \sqrt {3}}-x}{\left (\frac {1}{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )\right )^{2/3}+\sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )} x+x^2} \, dx}{9 \sqrt [3]{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}}-\frac {\left (3+i \sqrt {3}\right ) \int \frac {1}{-\sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )}+x} \, dx}{9 \sqrt [3]{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}}-\frac {\left (3+i \sqrt {3}\right ) \int \frac {-2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{1-i \sqrt {3}}-x}{\left (\frac {1}{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )\right )^{2/3}+\sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )} x+x^2} \, dx}{9 \sqrt [3]{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}}\\ &=-\frac {1}{2 x^2}-\frac {\left (3+i \sqrt {3}\right ) \log \left (\sqrt [3]{1-i \sqrt {3}}-\sqrt [3]{2} x\right )}{9 \sqrt [3]{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}}-\frac {\left (3-i \sqrt {3}\right ) \log \left (\sqrt [3]{1+i \sqrt {3}}-\sqrt [3]{2} x\right )}{9 \sqrt [3]{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}}+\frac {\left (3-i \sqrt {3}\right ) \int \frac {\sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )}+2 x}{\left (\frac {1}{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )\right )^{2/3}+\sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )} x+x^2} \, dx}{18 \sqrt [3]{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}}+\frac {\left (3-i \sqrt {3}\right ) \int \frac {1}{\left (\frac {1}{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )\right )^{2/3}+\sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )} x+x^2} \, dx}{6\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{1+i \sqrt {3}}}+\frac {\left (3+i \sqrt {3}\right ) \int \frac {\sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )}+2 x}{\left (\frac {1}{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )\right )^{2/3}+\sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )} x+x^2} \, dx}{18 \sqrt [3]{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}}+\frac {\left (3+i \sqrt {3}\right ) \int \frac {1}{\left (\frac {1}{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )\right )^{2/3}+\sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )} x+x^2} \, dx}{6\ 2^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{1-i \sqrt {3}}}\\ &=-\frac {1}{2 x^2}-\frac {\left (3+i \sqrt {3}\right ) \log \left (\sqrt [3]{1-i \sqrt {3}}-\sqrt [3]{2} x\right )}{9 \sqrt [3]{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}}-\frac {\left (3-i \sqrt {3}\right ) \log \left (\sqrt [3]{1+i \sqrt {3}}-\sqrt [3]{2} x\right )}{9 \sqrt [3]{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}}+\frac {\left (3+i \sqrt {3}\right ) \log \left (\left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}+\sqrt [3]{2 \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )} x+2^{2/3} x^2\right )}{18 \sqrt [3]{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}}+\frac {\left (3-i \sqrt {3}\right ) \log \left (\left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}+\sqrt [3]{2 \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )} x+2^{2/3} x^2\right )}{18 \sqrt [3]{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}}-\frac {\left (3-i \sqrt {3}\right ) \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-3-x^2} \, dx,x,1+\frac {2 x}{\sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )}}\right )}{3 \sqrt [3]{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}}-\frac {\left (3+i \sqrt {3}\right ) \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-3-x^2} \, dx,x,1+\frac {2 x}{\sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )}}\right )}{3 \sqrt [3]{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}}\\ &=-\frac {1}{2 x^2}+\frac {\left (i+\sqrt {3}\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {1+\frac {2 x}{\sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )}}}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{3 \sqrt [3]{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}}-\frac {\left (i-\sqrt {3}\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {1+\frac {2 x}{\sqrt [3]{\frac {1}{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )}}}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{3 \sqrt [3]{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}}-\frac {\left (3+i \sqrt {3}\right ) \log \left (\sqrt [3]{1-i \sqrt {3}}-\sqrt [3]{2} x\right )}{9 \sqrt [3]{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}}-\frac {\left (3-i \sqrt {3}\right ) \log \left (\sqrt [3]{1+i \sqrt {3}}-\sqrt [3]{2} x\right )}{9 \sqrt [3]{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}}+\frac {\left (3+i \sqrt {3}\right ) \log \left (\left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}+\sqrt [3]{2 \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )} x+2^{2/3} x^2\right )}{18 \sqrt [3]{2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}}+\frac {\left (3-i \sqrt {3}\right ) \log \left (\left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}+\sqrt [3]{2 \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )} x+2^{2/3} x^2\right )}{18 \sqrt [3]{2} \left (1+i \sqrt {3}\right )^{2/3}}\\ \end {align*}
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Mathematica [C] time = 0.01, size = 47, normalized size = 0.11 \begin {gather*} -\frac {1}{3} \text {RootSum}\left [\text {$\#$1}^6-\text {$\#$1}^3+1\&,\frac {\text {$\#$1} \log (x-\text {$\#$1})}{2 \text {$\#$1}^3-1}\&\right ]-\frac {1}{2 x^2} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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IntegrateAlgebraic [F] time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \int \frac {1-x^3}{x^3 \left (1-x^3+x^6\right )} \, dx \end {gather*}
Verification is not applicable to the result.
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fricas [B] time = 1.35, size = 1062, normalized size = 2.54
result too large to display
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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giac [B] time = 0.64, size = 642, normalized size = 1.54
result too large to display
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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maple [C] time = 0.01, size = 46, normalized size = 0.11 \begin {gather*} -\frac {\RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{6}-\textit {\_Z}^{3}+1\right )^{3} \ln \left (-\RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{6}-\textit {\_Z}^{3}+1\right )+x \right )}{3 \left (2 \RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{6}-\textit {\_Z}^{3}+1\right )^{5}-\RootOf \left (\textit {\_Z}^{6}-\textit {\_Z}^{3}+1\right )^{2}\right )}-\frac {1}{2 x^{2}} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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maxima [F] time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} -\frac {1}{2 \, x^{2}} - \int \frac {x^{3}}{x^{6} - x^{3} + 1}\,{d x} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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mupad [B] time = 2.40, size = 332, normalized size = 0.79 \begin {gather*} \frac {\ln \left (x+\frac {2^{2/3}\,3^{5/6}\,{\left (3-\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )}^{1/3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{6}\right )\,{\left (36-\sqrt {3}\,12{}\mathrm {i}\right )}^{1/3}}{18}+\frac {\ln \left (x-\frac {2^{2/3}\,3^{5/6}\,{\left (3+\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )}^{1/3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{6}\right )\,{\left (36+\sqrt {3}\,12{}\mathrm {i}\right )}^{1/3}}{18}-\frac {1}{2\,x^2}-\frac {2^{2/3}\,\ln \left (x-\frac {2^{2/3}\,3^{1/3}\,{\left (3-\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )}^{1/3}}{2}+\frac {2^{2/3}\,3^{1/3}\,{\left (3-\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )}^{4/3}}{12}\right )\,{\left (3-\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )}^{1/3}\,\left (3^{1/3}-3^{5/6}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )}{36}-\frac {2^{2/3}\,\ln \left (x-\frac {2^{2/3}\,3^{1/3}\,{\left (3+\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )}^{1/3}}{2}+\frac {2^{2/3}\,3^{1/3}\,{\left (3+\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )}^{4/3}}{12}\right )\,{\left (3+\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )}^{1/3}\,\left (3^{1/3}+3^{5/6}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )}{36}-\frac {2^{2/3}\,\ln \left (x+\frac {2^{2/3}\,3^{1/3}\,{\left (3-\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )}^{1/3}}{4}-\frac {2^{2/3}\,3^{5/6}\,{\left (3-\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )}^{1/3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{12}\right )\,{\left (3-\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )}^{1/3}\,\left (3^{1/3}+3^{5/6}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )}{36}-\frac {2^{2/3}\,\ln \left (x+\frac {2^{2/3}\,3^{1/3}\,{\left (3+\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )}^{1/3}}{4}+\frac {2^{2/3}\,3^{5/6}\,{\left (3+\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )}^{1/3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{12}\right )\,{\left (3+\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )}^{1/3}\,\left (3^{1/3}-3^{5/6}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )}{36} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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sympy [A] time = 0.20, size = 32, normalized size = 0.08 \begin {gather*} - \operatorname {RootSum} {\left (19683 t^{6} + 243 t^{3} + 1, \left (t \mapsto t \log {\left (- 1458 t^{4} - 9 t + x \right )} \right )\right )} - \frac {1}{2 x^{2}} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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